4.2.2.2控制阀材料的选择
4.2.2.2控制阀材料的选择
控制阀材料选择包括自制调阀体材质、阀内忡材质的选择。材质选用考虑因素有介质腐蚀性、介质温度、压力、黏度、操作条件下的饱和蒸汽压为等。
表4-38是部分材料耐腐蚀性能表。表4-39是部分材料溫度限质表。常用材料的使用温度和压力见表4-40。采用弹性材料作为密封财料时,还需考虑弹性材料的性能,可参见表
表4-38 环境温度下材料的耐腐蚀性 | ||||||||||||||||
/卡 | 锅 | 输 | 铸获 | 30.4 | 316 J | 童溫 | 索乃尔 | 哈氏 | 哈氏 | 奥氏体 | 钛 | 钴基合 | 416 | 440C | 17-4 | 锆 |
TO | 和钥 | SST | SST | 扫讯 | 合金 | 合金B | 合金e | SST | 讯 | 俞-6级 | SST | SST | SST | m | ||
乙輕 | A | A | A | A A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | ||
乙駭C无空气J | C | C | C | .C | A | B | B | A | A | A | B | A | C | C | B | A |
己酸(普空气) | C | C | C | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | c | C | B | A |
丙廊 | B | C | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
乙挟 , | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | .A | A | A |
乙醇 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
硫暖 结 | C A | C P | C A | A B | A A | B A | B | A A | A | A | A A | C | C A | B | A | |
阀 纪化孩 | JA c | c | c | A B | A B | L B | B B | B B | A A | A A | A A | A B | A C | A C | A C | A A |
贿酸域 | B | c | B | A | A | C | C | C | A | A | A | A | C | B | A | A |
稱駭域 | R | B | C | A | A | li | B | A | A | B | A | A | B | 丘 | B | A |
硫酸钱 | C | c | c | B | A | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | C | C | B | A |
恥麻騰嫂 | C | c | c | A | A | C | C | A | A | A | A | A | B | B | A | A |
苯跋 | C | c | c | A | A | C | B | A | A | A | A | A | C | B | A | A |
苯 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
苯甲胶 | A | A | C | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | C | C | A | A | |
棚駭 | C | B | C | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | C | C | A | A |
流体介邸 | 阀 | m —***^^^|*|*圓、T ■ *■ A C C | 铸铁 和鄉 A B C | 304 SST A B C | 日 SST 1 III A B C | 青桐 A C B | 蒙乃尔 合廉 | 哈氏 合金B | 哈氏 合金c | 民体 SST | 铁 | 基合 金号 | 41h 1 SST | 44GC SST | 17-1 SST | 稱 |
丁烧 氮化钙 次氯酸钙 | A C C | A A B | A 义 C | A A A | A A A | A A A | A A B | A C c | A C C | A C C | A A • A | |||||
于二氣化碳 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
湿二氧化碳 | A | B | C | A | A | B | A | A | A | I A | A | A | C | A | A | A |
二硫化跋 | C | C | A | A | A | C | B | A | A | ,A | A | A | B | B | B | A |
四筑化碳 | A | A | B | B | B | A | A | B | A | :A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
碳踐 | A | B | C | B | B | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | c | A | A | A |
干氯气 | C | C | A | B | B | B | A | A | A | A | C | A | c | C | C | A |
湿氯气 | C | t | C | C | C | C 5 | C | C | 0 | C | A | A | c | C | C | A |
铬酸H2CrOj | c | C | C | C | C j C | A | C | A | C | A | S | c | c | c | ;A | |
焦炉气 | c | B | A | A | A | B. | B | A | A | A | A | A | C | A | A | A |
梳酸铜 | c | C | 1 c | B | C | A | A | A | C | c | B | c | A | |||
乙姾 | A | A | A | A 1 A | A | A | A. | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
乙嚴 | A | 1 A | B | A j A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | |
氯乙烷 | ic | B | C | A | A | A | A | A. | A | A | A | A | A | B | B | A |
乙烯 | A | 1 A | A | A A 1 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | [A | A | A | |
乙二酵 | A | A | A | A | A | A. | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 'A |
氯化铁 | C | C | C | C | G | C | C | C | C | C | A | B | C | C | C | A |
甲醛 | A | C | C | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 么 | A |
甲酸 | B | C | C | B | B | A | A | A | A | A | c | B | C | C | c | A |
湿氟:里昂 | C | C | B | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | C | C | B | A |
干氟里昂 | A | A | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
钱醒 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | 呂 | A | A |
精制汽油 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
含空气盐酸 | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | A | A | C | C | A | C | C | C | A |
无空气盐酸 | C | C | c | C | C | C | c | A | B | c | C | B | C | C | C | A |
含空气氧氣験 | c | c | 仁 | c | C | c | c | A | A | A | c | B | C | c | c | C |
.无空气急無教 | c | c | c | c | B | c | A | A | A | A | c | C | C | C | c | C |
氢气 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | A |
过氧化氢酸 | A | c | A | A | A | C | A | B | B | A | A | A | C | C | B | A |
硫化氢液体 | c | (: | C | A | A | C | C | A | A | B | A | A | C | c | C | A |
氢氧化铁 | , B | B | A | A | A | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
甲醉 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
甲乙铜 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
天然气 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A A | A | |
硝酸 | i: | C | C | A | B | C | C | C | B | A | A | C | C | C | B | A |
氧气 | C | C | C | B | R | B | B | A | A | A | B | B | B | B | B | A |
筑气 | C | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | C |
含空气視酸 | c | C | C | A | A | C | C | A | A | A | B | A | C | C | B | A |
无空气雜竣’ | c | C | C | A | A | C | B | A | A | A | B | A | c | C | B | A |
苦味度 | c | c | C | A | A | A | C | A | A | A | A | A | B | B | B | A |
氣化钾 | c | c | B | A | A | B | B | A | A | A | A | A | C | C | C | A |
氨氧化钾 | c | c | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | A | A | |
丙烷 | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A* | A |
松香 | A | A | B | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
酷酸钠 | A | A | A | B | A. | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
碳酸钠 | C | C | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | B | B | A | A |
表 4-39 | 阀内件材料的温度限制 | ||
阀内件材料 | 应 曲 | 下限/V | 上限/它 |
30.'!说'r,扣0400X阿 | 无法居阀带和阀座 | -2G月 | 316 |
316 SST,S31fiCK]',rF8'M | 无涂居阀芯和阀座 | —2日扫 | 316 |
a 17 SS^r>S317〇0,CG8M | 无練层阀志和阀座 | -細 | 316 |
416. SST,S41古0 口,n RC 最小 | 程间1阀忘和阀虛 | -2白 | ■127 |
GA6NM,32'nRC 帛小 | 營椅阀芯和阀座 | -2日 | 482 |
X山onk 5〇(Armw),沾091高强旌M火 | 俩带,阀杆和销阀 | -19S | 日'白3 |
■HO SS'r,S44化M | 轴套、阳芯和阀座 | -2日 | .'127 |
J7-'与PH,W?4(パ)•^:BV'Cl.L-:l,Tna75火 | 嬰椅、阀芯和阀距 | —62 | ■127 |
姑.鞋合金目号K3〇()()6 ,CoCir-A | 目钟芯和闷座 | -198 | 816 |
非电镑综资居 | 阀内件涂层 | -198 | 400 |
础銘蟹程 | •阀内件涂层 | —198 | 316 |
V形肆b硬煤攀超 | 阀内件涂层
| …198 | 127 |
硬搔徐蜡 | 阀内件涂层
| 一1.3 | |
蒙.乃尔Unco) K日00,N-(巧加0 | 无涂层的阀芯和阀座 | 一 198 | ■127 |
(蒙乃尔jncoMOO ,NtM400 | 无涂厦的約載和阀座 | -198 | :!27 |
"n 哈氏合金(Hay]ies)BZ,Nl〇叫5 | 无涂盾的闽芯和阀座 | -19H | 427 |
哈氏合金<H巧nes)C互7自,NW2了6,CW2M | 无涂语的阀芯和阀座 | 一]98 | ■4 27 |
钛等级2、3、1、C己、CKC4 | 无涂层的阀芯和阀座 | -59 | 316 |
d.因可耐尔(nconei);攘甚高温箱格合金,在低温到高温度(11OO:)范围内具有较高强度和韧性并有一定抗腐蚀性。
控制阀耐压用公称压力PN;压丸PN表示。对碳钢阀体的控制阀,指200摄氏度以下时允许用时允许的最大工作压力;对铸铁阀体,指12〇nC臥下噓用时允许的最大工作压力;对不锈钢阀体的控制阀,指250摄氏度以下应用时允许的最大工作压力。当工作湿度升高时,阔体的耐怔会蜂低。例 如,公称压力为S.4MPa (PNM)的碳钢控制阀,用于30〇r时的距为5*2MPa,用于时的耐圧为4,lMPa,用于45(TC时的耐圧为2. 9MPa。因此,禮制阀公输压力的确定不仅要根据最高工作圧力,还需根据最高工作温度和材质特性,而不仅仅只需满足公称压力大于工作压力。
选用控制阀材质时,应考虑出口流速对材质的冲刷影响。岀口流速过高,对控制阀的冲刷严重,并旦使噪声超标,部件振动。应根据不同流速和介质流动状况选用不同材质。
考虑到阀体在阀内件处的流速比在流体部位的流速更快,因此,控制阀阀内件可采用堆焊司太莱合金或整体选用硬质合金来增强其抗冲刷能力。
此外,发生闪蒸场合使用的控制阀应选用缩腔型阀,即阀内件尺寸比阀体尺寸小一级或二级,以增加闪蒸后的空间,使流速得以下降到安全范围内。